Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday Essay Example for Free

Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday Essay Bill Crow’s Jazz Anecdotes is a thought-provoking, often amusing collection of stories from within jazz’s inner circles, told by and about some of the genre’s leading figures. While not a history of jazz, it gives readers some insights to how jazz artists worked, lived, bonded, and coped with an America in which many were still outsiders. The book’s forty-three chapters (expanded from the original 1990 edition) describe the life jazz musicians shared, offering insights into a rather exclusive, unconventional circle of performing artists. The numerous anecdotes are categorized by chapters, gathering related tales and moving from a general overview of jazz life to anecdotes about individuals, like Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, and Benny Goodman. Essentially, Crow creates a context in which jazz musicians lived, and then places individual musicians within it, giving readers a better understanding of how they functioned in this rarified climate. For example, the volume opens with â€Å"Wild Scenes,† which Crow says describes how â€Å"the individuality of jazz musicians combines with the capricious world in which they try to make a living† (Crow 3). The brief chapter sets the stage for the rest of the book, giving glimpses of the unconventional world jazz musicians inhabited (which explains to some degree their relationship to society at large). â€Å"The Word ‘Jazz’† contains attempts to explain the origins of the genre’s name, and â€Å"Inventions† offers accounts of how certain innovations occurred (such as Dizzy Gillespie’s distinctive bent trumpet), giving the reader a sense of history though the work is not an orthodox history per se. Many of the stories contained in Jazz Anecdotes convey the musicians’ camaraderie and warmth toward each other, as well as each other’s idiosyncrasies. Others convey how difficult and often arbitrary the jazz lifestyle often was. â€Å"Hiring and Firing† demonstrates how unstable many musicians’ careers were, rife with disputes over money or dismissals for their personal quirks. (For example, Count Basie fired Lester Young for refusing to participate in recording sessions occurring on the 13th of any month. ) â€Å"Managers, Agents, and Bosses† offers a glimpse into the seamier underside of jazz, where dishonest managers and mobsters often trapped jazz performers in unfair contracts or worse. Though jazz musicians appear to inhabit a special world, Crow does not discuss jazz in a social vacuum, tying it to social phenomena like race relations. In â€Å"Prejudice,† the tales take a more serious tone by showing how black jazz artists faced abundant racism, particularly in the South. However, Crow notes that â€Å"Jazz helped to start the erosion of racial prejudice in America . . . [because] it drew whites and blacks together into a common experience† (Crow 148). Jazz artists dealt with racism in various ways – Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday stood up to it while Zutty Singleton accepted it. Meanwhile, even white musicians like Stan Smith angered both races – whites for performing with blacks, and blacks for â€Å"intruding on their music† (Crow 152). The final chapters focus on individual artists, illustrating the greats’ personalities. Louis Armstrong emerges as earthy and good-hearted; Bessie Smith as strong and willful but ultimately self-destructive; Fats Waller is an impish pleasure-seeker given to excellent music but poor business decisions; and Benny Goodman as gifted but tight-fisted and controlling. Taken as a whole, Jazz Anecdotes offers a look at jazz’s human side, including its foibles, genius, camaraderie, crookedness, and connection to an American society from which it sometimes stood apart. Its legendary figures are depicted as gifted, devoted artists who enjoyed hedonism, companionship, and particularly independence. If any single thing stands out in this book, it is the latter; for the figures in this work, jazz meant creativity and freedom, which they pursued with equal vigor and vitality. Crow, Bill. Jazz Anecdotes. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

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Day 2: Start the day off by visiting one of the 7 wonders of the Modern World. The great city, Chichen Itza, located in deep jungle of Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula, flourished between the 9th and 13th centuries A.D. It was also a sophisticated urban center and center of regional trade. The Mayans emerged around 3,000 years ago in present-day Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, and Mexico. According to a Mayan source, a man named K’uk’ulkan, which means feathered serpent, come from the west and establish a capital at Chichen Itza. It is unknown if this story refers to the Toltec groups or the Itza groups, or if it just a myth. During 550 to 800 AD, the main purpose of the city was to make human sacrifices and magical ceremonies. Itzamnà ¡, the supreme God, was the most important deity; he was the creator god, the god of fire, and the god of the hearth. Other significant Gods included Chac, a hooked-nose god of rain and lightning, and Kukulcà ¡n, the Feathered Serpent, who resembles the man who established the city, K’uk’ulkan. These Gods appear on many temples and were later adopted by the Toltecs and Aztecs as Quetzalcoatl. The Kukulcan, also known as El Castillo, is considered the most famous monument in the city; a unique feature of the pyramid is that it represents today’s modern calendar. A 16th-century Spanish bishop, Diego de Landa, named this pyramid after the legendary ruler of the city and the ancient snake deity. The accuracy of Mayan astronomy influenced the number of steps the temple has. In addition to space observations, the Maya used their mathematical knowledge to create a monument that has 91 steps on each side and a total of 365 steps, the same number of days in a year. The Mayans wanted to create monuments to observe and ... ...eas. The primary attraction of the town is the Ollantaytambo Fortress, located on the edge of the settlement in a section known as the Temple Hill. A monument close from the fortress is the Wall of the Six Monoliths, a towering section of wall composed of six large sections. Archaeologists believe that the construction of the wall was abandoned before its completion and the reasons are remain unknown. Some might believe that the Spaniards swiped the Incas out of the region. A nature megalithic structure near Lake Titicaca is Aramu Muru. Legends say that Viracocha first created life on Earth at Lake Titicaca, on the borders of Peru and Bolivia. In the center of the lake, the Island of Sun stands; in the island, there’s a sacred temple and unknown burial towers called chulpas in Sillustani; these towers were plated with gold and holds the remains of the Inca royalty.

Understanding the Business Competitive Environment

When designing a new strategy for the company, a firm must fully analyze the respective competitive environment in order to come up with decisions that are beneficial. A company must take into account even the minutest details regarding the competitors to understand the factors driving the success of the competitors. PEST analysis, SWOT analysis and Michael Porter’s 5 forces analysis are some ways that develop an understanding of the success of the competitor firms (Porter, 1998). Some questions are given below which help the companies to understand the importance of their expertise and their operations. . How strong is the team of the members at the competitor firm? A firm must focus on their own team and work towards the exploitation of expertise of these members. The other firm may perform well because of their specialization in that field. However, at your company you should make your team strong to gain a competitive edge. 2. What are the practices (operations) adopted by the competitor firm? This helps the firm to gather knowledge on the procedures and methods adopted by the competitor firms. This knowledge helps the company in making its processes efficient in order to stay ahead in the industry and also so that the firms practices can become a benchmark. (Withrow, 2006). 3. What markets or market segments your competitors serve? This question helps the firm in realizing the markets that are being catered and the markets that can be tapped. If the company focuses on itself, it can capture the market of its competitors and create a loyal customer base for itself (Withrow, 2006). 4. What are the competitor’s products/ services prices and promotion strategy? This helps in gaining an insight about the strategies that the companies adopt in order to capture the market. The firm must focus on improving its strategies of cost cutting and adopting to the technological changes so that it can remain ahead of the competition. (Ward, n. d. ) 5. Why customers buy from your competitors? The answer to this question tells about the added value that customers receive as a result of using the competitor products. The firm must focus on providing best services to the customers so that they remain loyal.

The Controversy Surrounding Multiple Personality Disorder...

The Controversy Surrounding Multiple Personality Disorder Multiple Personality Disorder is a condition that many people probably have not heard of. Among those who have heard of it, there are even less who actually know what it is. However, according to Piper (1997) there were about 6,000 cases diagnosed in North America alone in 1986. Some experts estimate that multiple personality disorder, or MPD, affects 5 to 10 percent of the population, or about 100 million people worldwide. For such a widespread disorder, the publics lack of knowledge about it is pretty shocking. One explanation for this lack of knowledge could be the fact that many people, fueled by the beliefs of many noted psychologists, do not believe the†¦show more content†¦For the most part, what psychologists talk about as identity, although a useful construct, is a complete illusion. The example he gives is how people tend to act differently in different situations. For instance, a teenage boy is usually one way around his friends, another way around his parents, an d yet another around his siblings or other family members. Richmond calls these different aspects of personality ego states. Many psychologists dont even attempt to define personality. For example, Carroll (2003) gives the following explanation for an alter personality: The alters are said to occur spontaneously and involuntarily, and function more or less independently of each other. This really gives no insight as to what an alter personality truly is; it only describes what an alter does. Piper attempts to explain alter personalities in stating each personality has its own set of personality traits, such as language abilities, style of speech, value systems, and cognitive styles. This gives a little clearer picture of what a personality consists of, but its not quite complete. One reason many are skeptical about MPD could be that no one really understands what an alter personality is, so it is therefore hard to believe they exist. Besides the apparent presence of alter personalities, there are many otherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Dissociative Identity Disorder800 Words   |  4 PagesIdentity Disorder Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a severe condition in which two or more distinct identities or personality states are present in, and alternately take control of an individual. People who suffer from DID often have no recollection of what they have done or said while under the influence of the alternate personalities. Friends, family, and the person with the disorder often have a hard time dealing with DID, because of the sporadic nature of the personalities. DID is aRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1310 Words   |  6 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder or DID. This appellation is rather new; therefore, most are more familiar with the disorders older, less technical name: Multiple Personality Disorder or MPD. When first presented with the task of selecting a topic on which to center this paper, I immediately dismissed Dissociative Identity Disorder (which for the sake of brevity will be referred to as DID for the remainder of this paper) as a viable topic due to t he sheer scope of the disorder. However after an exhaustiveRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder And Media Depictions3153 Words   |  13 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder and Media Depictions We live in a world where the entertainment industry is thriving. Over the years, there have been several films, books, and television shows that depict a disorder that is most currently known as Dissociative Identity Disorder, previously known as Multiple Personality Disorder. Some of the most disturbing film and television scenes are those that involve a person dramatically switching from their dominant self to a dark and demented alter ego, oftenRead MoreConversion Disorder860 Words   |  4 PagesConversion disorder is a medical condition where its sufferers present neurological symptoms such as paralysis, numbness, blindness or fits without a known neurological trigger. Conversion disorder, formerly known as hysteria is considered a psychiatric disorder by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which classifies it as a somatoform disorder. Contrary, World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) classifies it as a dissociative disorder. TheRead MoreAbnormal Psychology : Dissociative Identity Disorder1623 Words   |  7 PagesIdentity Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder, previously referred to as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a psychological illness that has raised a lot of controversy and led researchers to question its validity. This disorder has been recorded as early as the 1800’s, but has recently been given more attention to by clinical researchers because of its diagnosis rates. The brain is a very complex organ and certain traumas can lead to the occurrence of this illness. Dissociative identity disorder isRead MoreThe History of Mental Illness1716 Words   |  7 Pagescentury, we can learn how to properly treat and diagnose not only mental disorders but also other conditions as well as show us the importance of review boards and controlled clinical trials. During the early to mid 20th century, not much was known about mental illnesses or what caused them, which was the way it had been for many years before. One of the somewhat common perceptions about mental illness was that these disorders were caused by possession or negative spirits. This can be most likelyRead MoreAmerica the Violent1085 Words   |  4 Pagesshooting took place in a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado (â€Å"Gun†). It was July 20, 2012 and during a midnight screening of the film The Dark Knight Rises. James Eagan Holmes, the gunman, set off grenades of tear gas and shot into the crowd using multiple firearms. A total of twelve people were killed and seventy were injured. A few minutes after the shooting Holmes was arrested outside of the cinema. Holmes bout a ticket to the movie and sat in the front row of the theater. After the first twentyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of A Personality Disorder2317 Words   |  10 Pagesbecome disconnected from each other , or don’t register in your conscious mind, your sense of identity, your memories, and the way you see yourself and the world around you will change. This is what happens when you dissociate.Dissociative disorder is a personality disorder marked by a disturbance in the integration of identity, memory, or consciousness. (APA)Everyone has times when we feel disconnected. Sometimes this takes place naturally and unconsciously. For example, we often drive a familiar routeRead MoreReview Of Nymphomaniac Volumes I And II, Directed By Lars Von Trier1497 Words   |  6 Pageswould fall into a diagnosis of sexual disorder not otherwise specified under The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000), in this paper, I will also discuss Kafka’s (2009) proposed and rejected diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 of hypersexual disorder. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10; World Heal th Organization [WHO], 1992) categorizes Joe’s disorder as excessive sexual drive. Due to theRead MoreEssay about The Many Faces of Dissociative Identity Disorder1845 Words   |  8 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Abstract This research paper aims to explore the mental disease known as Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously known as multiple personality disorder. I explore the meaning, symptoms, and effects of DID. My research describes those diagnosed with DID and the probable reasons of why they have the disorder. This study also explains the many different treatments and the effects those treatments might have on a person that has the disorder. I include a research

Puerto Rico Is Not a Country Independence Criteria

Eight accepted criteria  are used to determine whether an entity is an independent country (also known as a nation-state, as opposed to a state or province that is part of a larger country), relating to borders, residents, economy, and the regions  place in the world. Puerto Rico, a small island territory (approximately 100 miles long and 35 miles wide) located in the Caribbean Sea east of the island of Hispaniola and about 1,000 miles southeast of Florida, has been the home for many people for centuries. In 1493, the island was claimed by Spain, following Christopher Columbus second voyage to the Americas. After 400 years of colonial rule that saw the indigenous population nearly exterminated and African slave labor introduced, Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War in 1898. Its residents have been considered citizens of the United States since 1917. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated in July 2017 that the island is home to  about  3.3 million  people. (Though the population dipped temporarily after Hurricane Marà ­a in 2017 and some who temporarily resettled on the U.S.  mainland will eventually return to the island.)   U.S. Laws Regulate Everything Even though the island has an organized economy, transportation system,  education system,  and a population that lives there year-round, to be a sovereign nation, an entity needs to have its own military, issue its own money, and negotiate trade on its own behalf. Puerto Rico uses the U.S. dollar, and the United States controls the islands economy, trade, and public services. U.S. laws also regulate boat and air traffic and education. The territory has a police force, but the U.S. military is responsible for the islands defense.   As U.S. citizens, Puerto Ricans pay U.S. taxes and have access to programs such as Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid but not all social programs are available to official states. Travel between the island and the United States mainland (including Hawaii) doesnt require any special visas or passport, just the same identification that one would need to purchase the ticket to go there. The territory has a constitution and a governor like official U.S.  states do, but Puerto Ricos representation in Congress is nonvoting. Boundariesand External Recognition Even though its borders are internationally accepted with no disputes—its an island, after all—no country recognizes Puerto Rico as an independent nation, which is a major criteria  required to be classified as an independent nation-state. The world concedes that the territory is U.S. soil. Even residents of Puerto Rico recognize the island as a territory of the United States. Puerto Rican voters have rejected independence five  times (1967, 1993, 1998, 2012, and 2017) and have chosen to remain a commonwealth of the United States. Many people there  would like more rights, though. In 2017, voters responded in favor for their territory to become the United States  51st state  (in a nonbinding referendum), though those who voted were only a small set of the overall number of registered voters (23 percent). The U.S. Congress is the decision-maker on that topic, not the residents, so Puerto Ricos status is unlikely to change.

Effects Of The Atlantic Slave Trade On Africa - 1516 Words

Effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa The Atlantic slave trade existed from the 16th to the early 19th century and stimulated trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Over 12 million Africans were captured and sold into chattel slavery off the coast of West Africa, and more than 2 million of them died crossing the Atlantic. These outcomes of the slave trade are rarely disputed among historians; the effect of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa, however, is often a topic of debate. Some academics, such as Walter Rodney, insist that Africans were forced to take part in the slave trade, resulting in demographic disruption and underdevelopment in all sectors of Africa. Historian John Thornton acknowledges the negative consequences of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, yet contends that it was merely an expansion of the existing internal slave trade which African rulers engaged in willingly. A final case made by Hugh Thomas completely contradicts Rodney’s thesis, asserting that the slave trade was not solely respons ible for decreasing Africa’s population, and furthermore, that it was primarily beneficial to Africa’s economy and politics. The true outcome of the slave trade in Africa lies not entirely in any one of these arguments, but rests rather in a combination of all three. Although the Atlantic slave trade was detrimental to the economic and social development of Africa, the trade benefited a small portion of Africans, who willingly aligned themselves withShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Atlantic Slave Trade921 Words   |  4 PagesThe Atlantic Slave Trade The changes in African life during the slave trade era form an important element in the economic and technological development of Africa. Although the Atlantic slave trade had a negative effect on both the economy and technology, it is important to understand that slavery was not a new concept to Africa. In fact, internal slavery existed in Africa for many years. Slaves included war captives, the kidnapped, adulterers, and other criminals and outcasts. HoweverRead MoreEconomic Interaction Between Europe And Africa962 Words   |  4 Pagesinteraction in the Atlantic Basin stayed the same in that Europe remained dominant over trade while economic interaction in the Atlantic Basin changed in that the slave trade decreased and the trade of raw materials and manufactured goods increased. Economic interaction in the Atlantic Basin stayed the same in that Europe remained dominant over trade. Europe started economic interaction in the Atlantic Basin. The beginning of European dominance over trade began in the Atlantic Basin during the AgeRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade Second Edition By Herbert S Klein And Economic Consequences Essay1273 Words   |  6 PagesFor my comparison book review, I chose to focus on the Atlantic Slave Trade Second Edition by Herbert S Klein and The Economic Consequences of the Atlantic Slave Trade† by Barbara L. Solow. My focus of the trade is labor demands, effects on Africa, European organization of trade, and economy leading up to the end of the trade and after. Together, the two books demonstrate that the Atlantic Slave Trade was more than just the trading of Africans to different continents, but was a historical point thatRead MoreTrans-Atlantic Slave Trade‚Äà ¹1359 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Trans-Atlantic Slave Trad e† The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was one of the most horrific things to happen to any group of people closely relating to the Jewish Holocaust. The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was actually often referred to as the â€Å"Holocaust of Enslavement† which was basically the incarceration and imprisonment of people not for committing criminal offenses but to be put to work for others. The â€Å"Areas that were involved in the European slave trade eventually prospered.† (Aca Demon) TheseRead MoreTransatlantic Slave Trade and the Effects on the American Economy1627 Words   |  7 PagesTransatlantic Slave Trade and the effects on the american economy Transatlantic Slave Trade The Transatlantic slave trade is a â€Å"wrenching aspect of the history of Africa and America† (Colin Palmer). The transatlantic slave trade transported African people to the â€Å"New World†. It lasted from the 16th to the 19th century. Slavery has had a big impact on African culture. The Africans were forced to migrate away from everything they knew, culture, heritage and lifestyles (Captive Passage). CoupledRead MoreImpact Of Trans Atlantic Slave Trade On African Societies1314 Words   |  6 PagesFor 300 years, Africa participated in the Atlantic slave trade, providing humans in exchange for other goods. During that 300 years, some twelve million Africans were transported to the Americas. This mass, forced migration had many consequences for Africa, in many aspects of its history. In World History classes—both high school and college— these consequences for Africa are usually omitted, and a more Eurocentric view of the Atlantic slave trade dominate s. Because of this, many are not aware ofRead MoreImpact Of Slave Trade On West Africa1055 Words   |  5 PagesIn addition to the impacts of the slave trade on the social history of Africa, there were also major impacts on the political history. Below, three major impacts of the slave trade on the political history of West Africa will be discussed. To begin with, an impact that the slave trade had on West Africa is that it made the area more susceptible to colonization by European powers. There were two main ways in which the slave trade made it easier for European powers to colonize; the ways are the lossRead MoreThe Economic Effects of the Slave Trade on Africa, Britain, and America1398 Words   |  6 Pageswas all up to the slaves. Finding the perfect slave was a challenge to the colonists. First, there was the indentured servants, second, came the Indians. However because Indians and indentured servants could escape to freedom with ease, they were not the ideal slaves. The co lonists’ third attempt proved to be a gold mine. The unfortunate people who were forced in to captivity were the Africans. In order to obtain these precious African slaves, sailors had to sail across the Atlantic Ocean, but it madeRead MoreThe Effects Of Afrique Engagee On Africa1083 Words   |  5 Pagescountries outside of Africa that played a big role in the Atlantic Slave trade and in the long run caused Africa to have a huge delay in it’s development. This concept includes exports of slaves by sex and age, prices of exports, changes in quantity of slaves, and the products/resources that were big in trade. Afrique Engagà ©e caused Europe to have so much power and success over Africa based on Africa’s goods and people. Emergent Africa, which includes the issue of Africa was just an effect of Afrique Engagà ©eRead MoreImpact Of Slave Trade On West Africa1153 Words   |  5 PagesFor 300 years, Africa participated in the Atlantic Slave Trade, providing huma ns in exchange for other goods. During that 300 years, some twelve million Africans were transported to the Americas. This mass, forced migration had many consequences for Africa, in many aspects of its history. In World History classes—both high school and college— these consequences for Africa are usually omitted, and a more Eurocentric view of the Atlantic Slave Trade dominates. Because of this, many are not aware of

Information and Communication Technologies in Education - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Information and Communication Technologies in Education. Answer: Introduction Technology advancement and a decrease in the technology cost have resulted the school classrooms having the access to the internet and other technology resources. It has increased the educational programs, which include technology in syllabus. The major purpose of this literature is to understand attitude of people towards the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in classroom education. It reviews the studies, which have found use of these technologies in teaching, way of using these technologies in the classroom, examples of ICT and difficulties and challenges, which the teacher faces in using the ICT technologies. It includes the various aspects, which are related to the implementation of information and communication technologies in education. Literature Review According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, technology has become an important part of our lives and the people cannot complete their daily tasks without using cellphones, laptops, computer and GPS. ICT includes computers, internet and other online delivery systems. Lowther, Inan, Strahl Ross, 2008 stated that many previous studies have demonstrated that Information and communication technologies are helpful in teaching (Lowther, Inan, Strahl Ross, 2008). It is considered as a major tool for the educational reform. If there will be appropriate use of ICT, then it can increase the quality of education and teaching and it will link the learning process with the real life examples. Brush, Hew and Glazewski (2008) stated that ICT is used as a technique for the student to find the learning topics and solutions for the problems in learning. It provides the solutions to the problem in teaching process (Brush, Glazewski Hew, 2008). ICT is helpful in teaching as it makes knowledge gaining m ore accessible and theories in learning process are understood by engaging the students in implementation of Information and Communication Technologies. According to Lowther, Inan, Strahl Ross (2008), there are three major features, which are required to improve quality of learning and teaching with ICT. These are capability, autonomy and creativity. Autonomy indicates that students take the control of learning via use of ICT. Thus, they can be more able by themselves and with other people. Implementing group learning with ICT, the students may possess more opportunities to update their knowledge and they may become more confident to have risks and learn from their faults. In the sense of capability, when the students become more confident in the processes of teaching, then they can develop the ability to implement and transmit the knowledge by using the technology with more effectiveness and efficiency (Fu, 2013). ICTs can be used in the learning process by incorporating the systems in the course content. The teachers can use these technologies in promoting both education and computer literacy as well. In the classroom, computers a nd internet can be used in increasing the computer literacy. ICTs can improve the quality of education in different ways, like; by assisting in acquiring fundamental skills, by increasing the motivation and engagement of students and by facilitating the teacher training (Lowther, Inan, Strahl Ross, 2008). These tools should be used appropriately, so that they can promote the change to learner-centered atmosphere. It can be developed by installing various new technologies in the school or classrooms. The classrooms can use different types of technologies for improving the education like; laptops, computers, TV broadcasting, projector, teleconferencing, internet and other electronic systems. ICTs like television, videos and multimedia computer software, which combine the sound, text and colored and moving pictures, can be utilized to provide an understandable and authentic content, which will engage the students in learning and education process (Farrell Isaacs, 2007). Although, using ICT is helpful for the education, but it is more helpful, when it is developed appropriately. Reid (2002) stated that with the benefits of the ICTs in education, there are some concerns and problems, which the teachers face in using these technologies. The major problem, faced by the teachers is the maintenance of the tools and equipment, which are required to operate the technologically improved classrooms. The second difficulty is inequalities among students, who are using computers at their home and those who are not using. In the schools, there may be chances that the teachers are not familiar with the technology and equipment, so it can pose a challenge for the teachers. In this situation, there will be need of teacher training. Teachers have faced the hard time keeping up with the fast growing change in the school (Das Kumar, 2010). In a research, one of the teachers said that students are stressed, their families are stressed and this level of stress is harmful for the young students. Some teachers stated that ICTs are demanding their more time. They noted that they h ave to give more time to learn about new software and to create new and innovative things for teaching as more expectations are placed on the teachers. In Australia, the most important barriers, which are faced by the high school teachers, are inadequate number of computers, lack of time for teaching and lack of time in the classroom for students to operate the computers or other electronic devices in the classrooms (Reid, 2002). According to Farrell Isaacs (2007), teacher training may play an important role in implementing the ICTs in the classrooms, because many teachers are reluctant to use the ICTs. It requires different skills, which are not included in the formal teacher training. So, ICT training should be used as compulsory element of teacher training. In-service training should be provided to the teachers to provide technical support and gain the knowledge about the use of ICTs in the education (Chen, 2008). The training program should include a specific subject on how the computers and internet can be used to teach the curriculum. From all the tools, computer is considered as an effective learning tool. It is useful as the students can find various information and resources to solve their problems. Use of computer enhances the overall technology literacy of students and it helps in understanding, how they can integrate their technological skills with their curriculum (Chai, Koh Tsai, 2010). Comput er with internet can be used for different kind of research. It is true that students can score good marks by using ICT in education, because the students find it more interesting to study with the computers and other electronic devices, so they keep themselves more motivated and engaged in the study. It helps them in scoring good grades in classroom. Thus, the literature reviews that implementation of ICTs in education is beneficial for the students in learning and teaching process. References Brush, T., Glazewski, K. D. Hew, K. F., (2008). Development of an instrument to measure preservice teachers technology skills, technology beliefs, and technology barriers. Computers in the Schools, vol. 25, pp.112-125. Chai, C. S., Koh, J. H. L. Tsai, C.-C., (2010). Facilitating preservice teachers development of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK). Educational Technology and Society, vol. 13, pp.63-73. Chen, C. H., (2008). Why do teachers not practice what they believe regarding technology integration? Journal of Educational Research, vol. 102, pp.65-75. Das, V.V. Kumar, R.V. (2010). Information and Communication Technologies:International Conference, ICT 2010, Kochi, Kerala, India, September 7-9, 2010, Proceedings. Springer Science Business Media. Farrell, G., Isaacs, S. (2007). Survey of ICT and Education in Africa. A Summary Report, Based on 53 Country Surveys. Washington, DC: infoDev/ World Bank. Fu, J.S. (2013). ICT in Education: A Critical Literature Review and Its Implications. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 112-125. Lowther, D. L., Inan, F. A., Strahl, J. D. Ross, S. M., (2008). Does technology integration work when key barriers are removed?. Educational Media International, vol. 45, pp.195-213. Reid, S. (2002).The Integration of ICT into Classroom Teaching. Retrieved from https://legacy.oise.utoronto.ca/research/field-centres/TVC/RossReports/vol7no1.htm.